Dairy Nutrition and Healthy Ageing

Optimal nutrition significantly influences the natural aging process and can mitigate various physiological changes that may occur [1]. The World Health Organization defines healthy aging as more than merely the absence of disease; it is the process of developing and maintaining functional ability that enables well-being in older age [2]. Among the older population, health status is one of the most diverse of any age group. Although life expectancy is increasing, this does not necessarily correlate with improved health [3]. Chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes contribute to this variability in health and well-being.

Fortunately, many of the risk factors associated with chronic illness in older age are modifiable. Even in advanced years, there is substantial evidence that optimal nutrition and regular physical activity can significantly enhance overall health [1]. Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in the aging process and can mitigate various physiological changes, such as the reduction of muscle mass and bone density [1, 4, 5].

A healthy, balanced diet is one that supplies adequate amounts of various nutrients necessary to support daily functions and maintain a healthy body weight. The term "a healthy, balanced diet" is generic and its specific requirements differ between older and younger populations. Nutritional needs change as individuals age, particularly for adults aged 70 years and older [6]. While energy requirements generally decrease due to reduced physical activity and a decline in metabolic rate, the need for other nutrients, such as protein, calcium, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), increases [7].

Some of the specific benefits that dairy provides as we age include its nutrient density. Dairy products are particularly beneficial for older adults who generally have decreased energy requirements but increased needs for individual nutrients. Adults over 70 years of age require approximately 25 percent more protein compared to younger adults, and even more during times of illness [8]. When consumed as part of a nourishing diet, protein plays an essential role in maintaining muscle mass and bone health in older adults. Milk is a valuable source of high-quality protein, containing all the essential amino acids, and can help meet the increased requirements in older years.

Calcium requirements for adults over 70 years are significantly higher, at 1300 mg each day, to support bone health [8]. Compared to other foods, dairy products are among the richest sources of calcium and can help meet the increased requirements of older adults with approximately four servings.

There is also increasing evidence to support the protective role that dairy can play in some of the common chronic illnesses experienced in older age, including cardiovascular disease and Type II Diabetes [9, 10]. Consequently, dairy can play a key role in a balanced diet and help ensure that individuals maintain their function and independence as they age.